157 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
157 lines
4.9 KiB
Markdown
# Quickstart: Building with CMake
|
|
|
|
This tutorial aims to get you up and running with GoogleTest using CMake. If
|
|
you're using GoogleTest for the first time or need a refresher, we recommend
|
|
this tutorial as a starting point. If your project uses Bazel, see the
|
|
[Quickstart for Bazel](quickstart-bazel.md) instead.
|
|
|
|
## Prerequisites
|
|
|
|
To complete this tutorial, you'll need:
|
|
|
|
* A compatible operating system (e.g. Linux, macOS, Windows).
|
|
* A compatible C++ compiler that supports at least C++11.
|
|
* [CMake](https://cmake.org/) and a compatible build tool for building the
|
|
project.
|
|
* Compatible build tools include
|
|
[Make](https://www.gnu.org/software/make/),
|
|
[Ninja](https://ninja-build.org/), and others - see
|
|
[CMake Generators](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/manual/cmake-generators.7.html)
|
|
for more information.
|
|
|
|
See [Supported Platforms](platforms.md) for more information about platforms
|
|
compatible with GoogleTest.
|
|
|
|
If you don't already have CMake installed, see the
|
|
[CMake installation guide](https://cmake.org/install).
|
|
|
|
{: .callout .note}
|
|
Note: The terminal commands in this tutorial show a Unix shell prompt, but the
|
|
commands work on the Windows command line as well.
|
|
|
|
## Set up a project
|
|
|
|
CMake uses a file named `CMakeLists.txt` to configure the build system for a
|
|
project. You'll use this file to set up your project and declare a dependency on
|
|
GoogleTest.
|
|
|
|
First, create a directory for your project:
|
|
|
|
```
|
|
$ mkdir my_project && cd my_project
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
Next, you'll create the `CMakeLists.txt` file and declare a dependency on
|
|
GoogleTest. There are many ways to express dependencies in the CMake ecosystem;
|
|
in this quickstart, you'll use the
|
|
[`FetchContent` CMake module](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/module/FetchContent.html).
|
|
To do this, in your project directory (`my_project`), create a file named
|
|
`CMakeLists.txt` with the following contents:
|
|
|
|
```cmake
|
|
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.14)
|
|
project(my_project)
|
|
|
|
# GoogleTest requires at least C++11
|
|
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 11)
|
|
|
|
include(FetchContent)
|
|
FetchContent_Declare(
|
|
googletest
|
|
URL https://github.com/google/googletest/archive/609281088cfefc76f9d0ce82e1ff6c30cc3591e5.zip
|
|
)
|
|
# For Windows: Prevent overriding the parent project's compiler/linker settings
|
|
set(gtest_force_shared_crt ON CACHE BOOL "" FORCE)
|
|
FetchContent_MakeAvailable(googletest)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The above configuration declares a dependency on GoogleTest which is downloaded
|
|
from GitHub. In the above example, `609281088cfefc76f9d0ce82e1ff6c30cc3591e5` is
|
|
the Git commit hash of the GoogleTest version to use; we recommend updating the
|
|
hash often to point to the latest version.
|
|
|
|
For more information about how to create `CMakeLists.txt` files, see the
|
|
[CMake Tutorial](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/latest/guide/tutorial/index.html).
|
|
|
|
## Create and run a binary
|
|
|
|
With GoogleTest declared as a dependency, you can use GoogleTest code within
|
|
your own project.
|
|
|
|
As an example, create a file named `hello_test.cc` in your `my_project`
|
|
directory with the following contents:
|
|
|
|
```cpp
|
|
#include <gtest/gtest.h>
|
|
|
|
// Demonstrate some basic assertions.
|
|
TEST(HelloTest, BasicAssertions) {
|
|
// Expect two strings not to be equal.
|
|
EXPECT_STRNE("hello", "world");
|
|
// Expect equality.
|
|
EXPECT_EQ(7 * 6, 42);
|
|
}
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
GoogleTest provides [assertions](primer.md#assertions) that you use to test the
|
|
behavior of your code. The above sample includes the main GoogleTest header file
|
|
and demonstrates some basic assertions.
|
|
|
|
To build the code, add the following to the end of your `CMakeLists.txt` file:
|
|
|
|
```cmake
|
|
enable_testing()
|
|
|
|
add_executable(
|
|
hello_test
|
|
hello_test.cc
|
|
)
|
|
target_link_libraries(
|
|
hello_test
|
|
gtest_main
|
|
)
|
|
|
|
include(GoogleTest)
|
|
gtest_discover_tests(hello_test)
|
|
```
|
|
|
|
The above configuration enables testing in CMake, declares the C++ test binary
|
|
you want to build (`hello_test`), and links it to GoogleTest (`gtest_main`). The
|
|
last two lines enable CMake's test runner to discover the tests included in the
|
|
binary, using the
|
|
[`GoogleTest` CMake module](https://cmake.org/cmake/help/git-stage/module/GoogleTest.html).
|
|
|
|
Now you can build and run your test:
|
|
|
|
<pre>
|
|
<strong>my_project$ cmake -S . -B build</strong>
|
|
-- The C compiler identification is GNU 10.2.1
|
|
-- The CXX compiler identification is GNU 10.2.1
|
|
...
|
|
-- Build files have been written to: .../my_project/build
|
|
|
|
<strong>my_project$ cmake --build build</strong>
|
|
Scanning dependencies of target gtest
|
|
...
|
|
[100%] Built target gmock_main
|
|
|
|
<strong>my_project$ cd build && ctest</strong>
|
|
Test project .../my_project/build
|
|
Start 1: HelloTest.BasicAssertions
|
|
1/1 Test #1: HelloTest.BasicAssertions ........ Passed 0.00 sec
|
|
|
|
100% tests passed, 0 tests failed out of 1
|
|
|
|
Total Test time (real) = 0.01 sec
|
|
</pre>
|
|
|
|
Congratulations! You've successfully built and run a test binary using
|
|
GoogleTest.
|
|
|
|
## Next steps
|
|
|
|
* [Check out the Primer](primer.md) to start learning how to write simple
|
|
tests.
|
|
* [See the code samples](samples.md) for more examples showing how to use a
|
|
variety of GoogleTest features.
|