diff --git a/.clang-tidy b/.clang-tidy
index 1b0fff5ce..339360b08 100644
--- a/.clang-tidy
+++ b/.clang-tidy
@@ -43,8 +43,10 @@ Checks: '*,
          -misc-non-private-member-variables-in-classes,
          -modernize-concat-nested-namespaces,
          -modernize-type-traits,
+         -modernize-use-constraints,
          -modernize-use-nodiscard,
          -modernize-use-trailing-return-type,
+         -performance-enum-size,
          -readability-function-cognitive-complexity,
          -readability-function-size,
          -readability-identifier-length,
diff --git a/.github/workflows/windows.yml b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
index f4d415227..7ddd4be25 100644
--- a/.github/workflows/windows.yml
+++ b/.github/workflows/windows.yml
@@ -29,6 +29,7 @@ jobs:
         uses: egor-tensin/setup-mingw@v2
         with:
           platform: ${{ matrix.architecture }}
+          version: 12.2.0 # https://github.com/egor-tensin/setup-mingw/issues/14
       - name: Run CMake
         run: cmake -S . -B build -G "MinGW Makefiles" -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=Debug -DJSON_BuildTests=On
       - name: Build
diff --git a/CMakeLists.txt b/CMakeLists.txt
index f942e04ab..38d45b729 100644
--- a/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1...3.14)
 
 ##
 ## PROJECT
diff --git a/docs/examples/at__json_pointer.cpp b/docs/examples/at__json_pointer.cpp
index 9cb6cf9a2..15e91433d 100644
--- a/docs/examples/at__json_pointer.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/at__json_pointer.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use an array index with leading '0'
         json::reference ref = j.at("/array/01"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -52,7 +52,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use an array index that is not a number
         json::reference ref = j.at("/array/one"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -63,7 +63,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use an invalid array index
         json::reference ref = j.at("/array/4"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -74,7 +74,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use the array index '-'
         json::reference ref = j.at("/array/-"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -85,7 +85,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use a JSON pointer to a nonexistent object key
         json::const_reference ref = j.at("/foo"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -96,7 +96,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use a JSON pointer that cannot be resolved
         json::reference ref = j.at("/number/foo"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/at__json_pointer_const.cpp b/docs/examples/at__json_pointer_const.cpp
index f049bd8d9..ab026e078 100644
--- a/docs/examples/at__json_pointer_const.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/at__json_pointer_const.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use an array index that is not a number
         json::const_reference ref = j.at("/array/one"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use an invalid array index
         json::const_reference ref = j.at("/array/4"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use the array index '-'
         json::const_reference ref = j.at("/array/-"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -62,7 +62,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use a JSON pointer to a nonexistent object key
         json::const_reference ref = j.at("/foo"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -73,7 +73,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use a JSON pointer that cannot be resolved
         json::const_reference ref = j.at("/number/foo"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/at__keytype.c++17.cpp b/docs/examples/at__keytype.c++17.cpp
index e0d9b9e7b..032506acd 100644
--- a/docs/examples/at__keytype.c++17.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/at__keytype.c++17.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ int main()
         json str = "I am a string";
         str.at("the good"sv) = "Another string";
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -42,7 +42,7 @@ int main()
         // try to write at a nonexisting key using string_view
         object.at("the fast"sv) = "il rapido";
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/at__keytype_const.c++17.cpp b/docs/examples/at__keytype_const.c++17.cpp
index 1f32f23a5..b08cd17b5 100644
--- a/docs/examples/at__keytype_const.c++17.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/at__keytype_const.c++17.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ int main()
         const json str = "I am a string";
         std::cout << str.at("the good"sv) << '\n';
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ int main()
         // try to read from a nonexisting key using string_view
         std::cout << object.at("the fast"sv) << '\n';
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range)
     {
         std::cout << "out of range" << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/at__object_t_key_type.cpp b/docs/examples/at__object_t_key_type.cpp
index 3a59d1a50..e1f33ceca 100644
--- a/docs/examples/at__object_t_key_type.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/at__object_t_key_type.cpp
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ int main()
         json str = "I am a string";
         str.at("the good") = "Another string";
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ int main()
         // try to write at a nonexisting key
         object.at("the fast") = "il rapido";
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.cpp b/docs/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.cpp
index f41bab61a..b37bbd489 100644
--- a/docs/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/at__object_t_key_type_const.cpp
@@ -23,7 +23,7 @@ int main()
         const json str = "I am a string";
         std::cout << str.at("the good") << '\n';
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int main()
         // try to read from a nonexisting key
         std::cout << object.at("the fast") << '\n';
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range)
     {
         std::cout << "out of range" << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/at__size_type.cpp b/docs/examples/at__size_type.cpp
index 001b51d59..6527c6b16 100644
--- a/docs/examples/at__size_type.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/at__size_type.cpp
@@ -24,7 +24,7 @@ int main()
         json str = "I am a string";
         str.at(0) = "Another string";
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ int main()
         // try to write beyond the array limit
         array.at(5) = "sixth";
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/at__size_type_const.cpp b/docs/examples/at__size_type_const.cpp
index e2bebf7ec..2080387a3 100644
--- a/docs/examples/at__size_type_const.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/at__size_type_const.cpp
@@ -18,7 +18,7 @@ int main()
         const json str = "I am a string";
         std::cout << str.at(0) << '\n';
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -29,7 +29,7 @@ int main()
         // try to read beyond the array limit
         std::cout << array.at(5) << '\n';
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/back.cpp b/docs/examples/back.cpp
index 1439a8218..45342db13 100644
--- a/docs/examples/back.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/back.cpp
@@ -31,7 +31,7 @@ int main()
         json j_null;
         j_null.back();
     }
-    catch (json::invalid_iterator& e)
+    catch (const json::invalid_iterator& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.cpp b/docs/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.cpp
index ed5aff9a8..dec693c80 100644
--- a/docs/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/basic_json__InputIt_InputIt.cpp
@@ -25,7 +25,7 @@ int main()
     {
         json j_invalid(j_number.begin() + 1, j_number.end());
     }
-    catch (json::invalid_iterator& e)
+    catch (const json::invalid_iterator& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/cbor_tag_handler_t.cpp b/docs/examples/cbor_tag_handler_t.cpp
index 79052c7a0..38d168ca8 100644
--- a/docs/examples/cbor_tag_handler_t.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/cbor_tag_handler_t.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ int main()
     {
         auto b_throw_on_tag = json::from_cbor(vec, true, true, json::cbor_tag_handler_t::error);
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/contains__json_pointer.cpp b/docs/examples/contains__json_pointer.cpp
index f9de546b5..14d8514b4 100644
--- a/docs/examples/contains__json_pointer.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/contains__json_pointer.cpp
@@ -26,7 +26,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use an array index with leading '0'
         j.contains("/array/01"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -36,7 +36,7 @@ int main()
         // try to use an array index that is not a number
         j.contains("/array/one"_json_pointer);
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/diagnostics_extended.cpp b/docs/examples/diagnostics_extended.cpp
index f4c43f05e..3b9f484b7 100644
--- a/docs/examples/diagnostics_extended.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/diagnostics_extended.cpp
@@ -15,7 +15,7 @@ int main()
     {
         int housenumber = j["address"]["housenumber"];
     }
-    catch (json::exception& e)
+    catch (const json::exception& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/diagnostics_standard.cpp b/docs/examples/diagnostics_standard.cpp
index 575c409eb..eae61a4a7 100644
--- a/docs/examples/diagnostics_standard.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/diagnostics_standard.cpp
@@ -13,7 +13,7 @@ int main()
     {
         int housenumber = j["address"]["housenumber"];
     }
-    catch (json::exception& e)
+    catch (const json::exception& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/dump.cpp b/docs/examples/dump.cpp
index eb2d71f0e..009c95fd7 100644
--- a/docs/examples/dump.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/dump.cpp
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@ int main()
     {
         std::cout << j_invalid.dump() << std::endl;
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/error_handler_t.cpp b/docs/examples/error_handler_t.cpp
index add3f3b2d..b4718d7e6 100644
--- a/docs/examples/error_handler_t.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/error_handler_t.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ int main()
     {
         std::cout << j_invalid.dump() << std::endl;
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/exception.cpp b/docs/examples/exception.cpp
index 82696e614..3e5a23b3c 100644
--- a/docs/examples/exception.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/exception.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ int main()
         json j = {{"foo", "bar"}};
         json k = j.at("non-existing");
     }
-    catch (json::exception& e)
+    catch (const json::exception& e)
     {
         // output exception information
         std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
diff --git a/docs/examples/get_ref.cpp b/docs/examples/get_ref.cpp
index ab25946bb..0183a6537 100644
--- a/docs/examples/get_ref.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/get_ref.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ int main()
     {
         auto r3 = value.get_ref<json::number_float_t&>();
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& ex)
+    catch (const json::type_error& ex)
     {
         std::cout << ex.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/invalid_iterator.cpp b/docs/examples/invalid_iterator.cpp
index 5d3e622e6..ecde12e62 100644
--- a/docs/examples/invalid_iterator.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/invalid_iterator.cpp
@@ -12,7 +12,7 @@ int main()
         json::iterator it = j.begin();
         auto k = it.key();
     }
-    catch (json::invalid_iterator& e)
+    catch (const json::invalid_iterator& e)
     {
         // output exception information
         std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
diff --git a/docs/examples/json_pointer.cpp b/docs/examples/json_pointer.cpp
index 75b971758..8705cf498 100644
--- a/docs/examples/json_pointer.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/json_pointer.cpp
@@ -20,7 +20,7 @@ int main()
     {
         json::json_pointer p9("foo");
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -30,7 +30,7 @@ int main()
     {
         json::json_pointer p10("/foo/~");
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@ int main()
     {
         json::json_pointer p11("/foo/~3");
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_explicit.cpp b/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_explicit.cpp
index f2d6812cb..de79bd37c 100644
--- a/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_explicit.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_explicit.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ int main()
     {
         auto p3 = j3.template get<ns::person>();
     }
-    catch (json::exception& e)
+    catch (const json::exception& e)
     {
         std::cout << "deserialization failed: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_macro.cpp b/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_macro.cpp
index 9c020689b..4ecd4294f 100644
--- a/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_macro.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_macro.cpp
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@ int main()
     {
         auto p3 = j3.template get<ns::person>();
     }
-    catch (json::exception& e)
+    catch (const json::exception& e)
     {
         std::cout << "deserialization failed: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_explicit.cpp b/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_explicit.cpp
index b3040adc6..a31a7eb8f 100644
--- a/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_explicit.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_explicit.cpp
@@ -46,7 +46,7 @@ int main()
     {
         auto p3 = j3.template get<ns::person>();
     }
-    catch (json::exception& e)
+    catch (const json::exception& e)
     {
         std::cout << "deserialization failed: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_macro.cpp b/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_macro.cpp
index 2c76830d8..d11691b70 100644
--- a/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_macro.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_macro.cpp
@@ -34,7 +34,7 @@ int main()
     {
         auto p3 = j3.template get<ns::person>();
     }
-    catch (json::exception& e)
+    catch (const json::exception& e)
     {
         std::cout << "deserialization failed: " << e.what() << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/object.cpp b/docs/examples/object.cpp
index 733b89b53..ad167d4af 100644
--- a/docs/examples/object.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/object.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ int main()
         // can only create an object from a list of pairs
         json j_invalid_object = json::object({{ "one", 1, 2 }});
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/operator__ValueType.cpp b/docs/examples/operator__ValueType.cpp
index 66fcf310e..e8a1d349d 100644
--- a/docs/examples/operator__ValueType.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/operator__ValueType.cpp
@@ -53,7 +53,7 @@ int main()
     {
         bool v1 = json_types["string"];
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << '\n';
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/other_error.cpp b/docs/examples/other_error.cpp
index 99c4be70e..56aa8ae6b 100644
--- a/docs/examples/other_error.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/other_error.cpp
@@ -21,7 +21,7 @@ int main()
         }])"_json;
         value.patch(patch);
     }
-    catch (json::other_error& e)
+    catch (const json::other_error& e)
     {
         // output exception information
         std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
diff --git a/docs/examples/out_of_range.cpp b/docs/examples/out_of_range.cpp
index e7116408a..03282082d 100644
--- a/docs/examples/out_of_range.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/out_of_range.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ int main()
         json j = {1, 2, 3, 4};
         j.at(4) = 10;
     }
-    catch (json::out_of_range& e)
+    catch (const json::out_of_range& e)
     {
         // output exception information
         std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
diff --git a/docs/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.cpp b/docs/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.cpp
index 82449a526..f396c347e 100644
--- a/docs/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/parse__allow_exceptions.cpp
@@ -17,7 +17,7 @@ int main()
     {
         json j = json::parse(text);
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         std::cout << e.what() << std::endl;
     }
diff --git a/docs/examples/parse_error.cpp b/docs/examples/parse_error.cpp
index 9b27b58fa..ce15ebe22 100644
--- a/docs/examples/parse_error.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/parse_error.cpp
@@ -10,7 +10,7 @@ int main()
         // parsing input with a syntax error
         json::parse("[1,2,3,]");
     }
-    catch (json::parse_error& e)
+    catch (const json::parse_error& e)
     {
         // output exception information
         std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
diff --git a/docs/examples/type_error.cpp b/docs/examples/type_error.cpp
index d4f18b180..f520f4013 100644
--- a/docs/examples/type_error.cpp
+++ b/docs/examples/type_error.cpp
@@ -11,7 +11,7 @@ int main()
         json j = "string";
         j.push_back("another string");
     }
-    catch (json::type_error& e)
+    catch (const json::type_error& e)
     {
         // output exception information
         std::cout << "message: " << e.what() << '\n'
diff --git a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/index.md b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/index.md
index b5bdf2fa8..922b9f218 100644
--- a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/index.md
+++ b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/basic_json/index.md
@@ -14,7 +14,7 @@ template<
     template<typename U> class AllocatorType = std::allocator,
     template<typename T, typename SFINAE = void> class JSONSerializer = adl_serializer,
     class BinaryType = std::vector<std::uint8_t>,
-    class CustomBaseClass = void>
+    class CustomBaseClass = void
 >
 class basic_json;
 ```
diff --git a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/json_has_static_rtti.md b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/json_has_static_rtti.md
new file mode 100644
index 000000000..780878319
--- /dev/null
+++ b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/json_has_static_rtti.md
@@ -0,0 +1,31 @@
+# JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI
+
+```cpp
+#define JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI /* value */
+```
+
+This macro indicates whether the standard library has any support for RTTI (run time type information).
+Possible values are `1` when supported or `0` when unsupported.
+
+## Default definition
+
+The default value is detected based on the preprocessor macro `#!cpp _HAS_STATIC_RTTI`.
+
+When the macro is not defined, the library will define it to its default value.
+
+## Examples
+
+??? example
+
+    The code below forces the library to enable support for libraries with RTTI dependence:
+
+    ```cpp
+    #define JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI 1
+    #include <nlohmann/json.hpp>
+
+    ...
+    ```
+    
+## Version history
+
+- Added in version ?.
diff --git a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive.md b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive.md
index afd09c6db..88df1d185 100644
--- a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive.md
+++ b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive.md
@@ -59,7 +59,7 @@ See examples below for the concrete generated code.
 
     Consider the following complete example:
 
-    ```cpp hl_lines="21"
+    ```cpp hl_lines="22"
     --8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_macro.cpp"
     ```
     
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ See examples below for the concrete generated code.
 
     The macro is equivalent to:
 
-    ```cpp hl_lines="21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33"
+    ```cpp hl_lines="22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34"
     --8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_explicit.cpp"
     ```
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ See examples below for the concrete generated code.
 
     Consider the following complete example:
 
-    ```cpp hl_lines="21"
+    ```cpp hl_lines="22"
     --8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_with_default_macro.cpp"
     ```
     
@@ -108,7 +108,7 @@ See examples below for the concrete generated code.
 
     The macro is equivalent to:
 
-    ```cpp hl_lines="21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34"
+    ```cpp hl_lines="21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34 35"
     --8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_intrusive_with_default_explicit.cpp"
     ```
 
diff --git a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive.md b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive.md
index 70cf934fc..e1f1991b4 100644
--- a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive.md
+++ b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/macros/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive.md
@@ -60,7 +60,7 @@ See examples below for the concrete generated code.
 
     Consider the following complete example:
 
-    ```cpp hl_lines="15"
+    ```cpp hl_lines="16"
     --8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_macro.cpp"
     ```
     
@@ -80,7 +80,7 @@ See examples below for the concrete generated code.
 
     The macro is equivalent to:
 
-    ```cpp hl_lines="15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27"
+    ```cpp hl_lines="16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28"
     --8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_explicit.cpp"
     ```
 
@@ -88,7 +88,7 @@ See examples below for the concrete generated code.
 
     Consider the following complete example:
 
-    ```cpp hl_lines="20"
+    ```cpp hl_lines="21"
     --8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_with_default_macro.cpp"
     ```
     
@@ -109,7 +109,7 @@ See examples below for the concrete generated code.
 
     The macro is equivalent to:
 
-    ```cpp hl_lines="20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33"
+    ```cpp hl_lines="21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32 33 34"
     --8<-- "examples/nlohmann_define_type_non_intrusive_with_default_explicit.cpp"
     ```
 
diff --git a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_literal_json.md b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_literal_json.md
index cda00215c..bc2b2cfc5 100644
--- a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_literal_json.md
+++ b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_literal_json.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # <small>nlohmann::</small>operator""_json
 
 ```cpp
-json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n);
+json operator ""_json(const char* s, std::size_t n);
 ```
 
 This operator implements a user-defined string literal for JSON objects. It can be used by adding `#!cpp _json` to a
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ string literal and returns a [`json`](json.md) object if no parse error occurred
 
 It is recommended to bring the operator into scope using any of the following lines:
 ```cpp
-using nlohmann::literals::operator "" _json;
+using nlohmann::literals::operator ""_json;
 using namespace nlohmann::literals;
 using namespace nlohmann::json_literals;
 using namespace nlohmann::literals::json_literals;
diff --git a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_literal_json_pointer.md b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_literal_json_pointer.md
index 14d5378bc..0e12440e1 100644
--- a/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_literal_json_pointer.md
+++ b/docs/mkdocs/docs/api/operator_literal_json_pointer.md
@@ -1,7 +1,7 @@
 # <small>nlohmann::</small>operator""_json_pointer
 
 ```cpp
-json_pointer operator "" _json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n);
+json_pointer operator ""_json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n);
 ```
 
 This operator implements a user-defined string literal for JSON Pointers. It can be used by adding `#!cpp _json_pointer`
@@ -9,7 +9,7 @@ to a string literal and returns a [`json_pointer`](json_pointer/index.md) object
 
 It is recommended to bring the operator into scope using any of the following lines:
 ```cpp
-using nlohmann::literals::operator "" _json_pointer;
+using nlohmann::literals::operator ""_json_pointer;
 using namespace nlohmann::literals;
 using namespace nlohmann::json_literals;
 using namespace nlohmann::literals::json_literals;
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp
index e4ae7a8dc..c4bcde2d9 100644
--- a/include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/input_adapters.hpp
@@ -292,7 +292,7 @@ struct wide_string_input_helper<BaseInputAdapter, 2>
     }
 };
 
-// Wraps another input apdater to convert wide character types into individual bytes.
+// Wraps another input adapter to convert wide character types into individual bytes.
 template<typename BaseInputAdapter, typename WideCharType>
 class wide_string_input_adapter
 {
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp
index 72e995108..50fc9df59 100644
--- a/include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/input/lexer.hpp
@@ -222,7 +222,7 @@ class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
         for (auto range = ranges.begin(); range != ranges.end(); ++range)
         {
             get();
-            if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(*range <= current && current <= *(++range)))
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(*range <= current && current <= *(++range))) // NOLINT(bugprone-inc-dec-in-conditions)
             {
                 add(current);
             }
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp
index 6066246e2..d47eda463 100644
--- a/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp
@@ -133,6 +133,14 @@
     #endif
 #endif
 
+#ifndef JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI
+    #if !defined(_HAS_STATIC_RTTI) || _HAS_STATIC_RTTI != 0
+        #define JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI 1
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI 0
+    #endif
+#endif
+
 #ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
     #define JSON_INLINE_VARIABLE inline
 #else
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp b/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp
index 4a871f0c2..82add9c25 100644
--- a/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp
+++ b/include/nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp
@@ -38,6 +38,7 @@
     #undef JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
     #undef JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON
     #undef JSON_HAS_RANGES
+    #undef JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI
     #undef JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON
 #endif
 
diff --git a/include/nlohmann/json.hpp b/include/nlohmann/json.hpp
index 210553490..f7fac1fb4 100644
--- a/include/nlohmann/json.hpp
+++ b/include/nlohmann/json.hpp
@@ -62,7 +62,9 @@
 #include <nlohmann/ordered_map.hpp>
 
 #if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17)
-    #include <any>
+    #if JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI
+        #include <any>
+    #endif
     #include <string_view>
 #endif
 
@@ -906,7 +908,10 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
         bool is_an_object = std::all_of(init.begin(), init.end(),
                                         [](const detail::json_ref<basic_json>& element_ref)
         {
-            return element_ref->is_array() && element_ref->size() == 2 && (*element_ref)[0].is_string();
+            // The cast is to ensure op[size_type] is called, bearing in mind size_type may not be int;
+            // (many string types can be constructed from 0 via its null-pointer guise, so we get a
+            // broken call to op[key_type], the wrong semantics and a 4804 warning on Windows)
+            return element_ref->is_array() && element_ref->size() == 2 && (*element_ref)[static_cast<size_type>(0)].is_string();
         });
 
         // adjust type if type deduction is not wanted
@@ -1883,7 +1888,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
 #if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17) && (defined(__GNUC__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1910 && _MSC_VER <= 1914))
                                                 detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, std::string_view>>,
 #endif
-#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17)
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17) && JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI
                                                 detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, std::any>>,
 #endif
                                                 detail::is_detected_lazy<detail::get_template_function, const basic_json_t&, ValueType>
@@ -5159,7 +5164,11 @@ inline namespace json_literals
 /// @brief user-defined string literal for JSON values
 /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json/
 JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
-inline nlohmann::json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0)
+    inline nlohmann::json operator ""_json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#else
+    inline nlohmann::json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#endif
 {
     return nlohmann::json::parse(s, s + n);
 }
@@ -5167,7 +5176,11 @@ inline nlohmann::json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
 /// @brief user-defined string literal for JSON pointer
 /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json_pointer/
 JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
-inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator "" _json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0)
+    inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator ""_json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#else
+    inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator "" _json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#endif
 {
     return nlohmann::json::json_pointer(std::string(s, n));
 }
@@ -5231,8 +5244,13 @@ inline void swap(nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j1, nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC
 }  // namespace std
 
 #if JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS
-    using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator "" _json; // NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
-    using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator "" _json_pointer; //NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+    #if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0)
+        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator ""_json; // NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator ""_json_pointer; //NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+    #else
+        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator "" _json; // NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator "" _json_pointer; //NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+    #endif
 #endif
 
 #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp>
diff --git a/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp b/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
index 08b8af051..a41d03504 100644
--- a/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
+++ b/single_include/nlohmann/json.hpp
@@ -41,6 +41,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <utility>
 
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp>
@@ -53,6 +54,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 // This file contains all macro definitions affecting or depending on the ABI
 
 #ifndef JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK
@@ -154,6 +156,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <algorithm> // transform
 #include <array> // array
 #include <forward_list> // forward_list
@@ -176,6 +179,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cstddef> // nullptr_t
 #include <exception> // exception
 #if JSON_DIAGNOSTICS
@@ -195,6 +199,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <array> // array
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <cstdint> // uint8_t
@@ -210,6 +215,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <utility> // declval, pair
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/detected.hpp>
 //     __ _____ _____ _____
@@ -221,6 +227,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <type_traits>
 
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/meta/void_t.hpp>
@@ -233,6 +240,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp>
 
 
@@ -2477,6 +2485,14 @@ JSON_HEDLEY_DIAGNOSTIC_POP
     #endif
 #endif
 
+#ifndef JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI
+    #if !defined(_HAS_STATIC_RTTI) || _HAS_STATIC_RTTI != 0
+        #define JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI 1
+    #else
+        #define JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI 0
+    #endif
+#endif
+
 #ifdef JSON_HAS_CPP_17
     #define JSON_INLINE_VARIABLE inline
 #else
@@ -2951,6 +2967,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp>
 
 
@@ -3025,6 +3042,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp>
@@ -3067,6 +3085,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <array> // array
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <type_traits> // conditional, enable_if, false_type, integral_constant, is_constructible, is_integral, is_same, remove_cv, remove_reference, true_type
@@ -3239,6 +3258,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <limits> // numeric_limits
 #include <type_traits> // false_type, is_constructible, is_integral, is_same, true_type
 #include <utility> // declval
@@ -3254,6 +3274,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <iterator> // random_access_iterator_tag
 
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp>
@@ -3321,6 +3342,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
 
 
@@ -3340,6 +3362,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
 
 
@@ -4157,6 +4180,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cstring> // strlen
 #include <string> // string
 #include <utility> // forward
@@ -4542,6 +4566,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp>
 
 
@@ -4565,6 +4590,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_scope.hpp>
 
 
@@ -5070,6 +5096,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <algorithm> // copy
 #include <iterator> // begin, end
 #include <string> // string
@@ -5089,6 +5116,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <iterator> // input_iterator_tag
 #include <string> // string, to_string
@@ -5809,6 +5837,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cstdint> // uint8_t, uint64_t
 #include <tuple> // tie
 #include <utility> // move
@@ -5920,6 +5949,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cstdint> // uint8_t
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <functional> // hash
@@ -6052,6 +6082,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <algorithm> // generate_n
 #include <array> // array
 #include <cmath> // ldexp
@@ -6077,6 +6108,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <array> // array
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <cstring> // strlen
@@ -6363,7 +6395,7 @@ struct wide_string_input_helper<BaseInputAdapter, 2>
     }
 };
 
-// Wraps another input apdater to convert wide character types into individual bytes.
+// Wraps another input adapter to convert wide character types into individual bytes.
 template<typename BaseInputAdapter, typename WideCharType>
 class wide_string_input_adapter
 {
@@ -6571,6 +6603,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cstddef>
 #include <string> // string
 #include <utility> // move
@@ -7302,6 +7335,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <array> // array
 #include <clocale> // localeconv
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
@@ -7519,7 +7553,7 @@ class lexer : public lexer_base<BasicJsonType>
         for (auto range = ranges.begin(); range != ranges.end(); ++range)
         {
             get();
-            if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(*range <= current && current <= *(++range)))
+            if (JSON_HEDLEY_LIKELY(*range <= current && current <= *(++range))) // NOLINT(bugprone-inc-dec-in-conditions)
             {
                 add(current);
             }
@@ -8940,6 +8974,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cstdint> // size_t
 #include <utility> // declval
 #include <string> // string
@@ -12091,6 +12126,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cmath> // isfinite
 #include <cstdint> // uint8_t
 #include <functional> // function
@@ -12607,6 +12643,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/abi_macros.hpp>
 
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/iterators/primitive_iterator.hpp>
@@ -12619,6 +12656,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cstddef> // ptrdiff_t
 #include <limits>  // numeric_limits
 
@@ -12777,6 +12815,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <iterator> // iterator, random_access_iterator_tag, bidirectional_iterator_tag, advance, next
 #include <type_traits> // conditional, is_const, remove_const
 
@@ -13538,6 +13577,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <cstddef> // ptrdiff_t
 #include <iterator> // reverse_iterator
 #include <utility> // declval
@@ -13706,6 +13746,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <algorithm> // all_of
 #include <cctype> // isdigit
 #include <cerrno> // errno, ERANGE
@@ -14700,6 +14741,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <initializer_list>
 #include <utility>
 
@@ -14791,6 +14833,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <algorithm> // reverse
 #include <array> // array
 #include <map> // map
@@ -14816,6 +14859,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <algorithm> // copy
 #include <cstddef> // size_t
 #include <iterator> // back_inserter
@@ -16784,6 +16828,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <algorithm> // reverse, remove, fill, find, none_of
 #include <array> // array
 #include <clocale> // localeconv, lconv
@@ -16808,6 +16853,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <array> // array
 #include <cmath>   // signbit, isfinite
 #include <cstdint> // intN_t, uintN_t
@@ -18902,6 +18948,7 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #include <functional> // equal_to, less
 #include <initializer_list> // initializer_list
 #include <iterator> // input_iterator_tag, iterator_traits
@@ -19256,7 +19303,9 @@ NLOHMANN_JSON_NAMESPACE_END
 
 
 #if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17)
-    #include <any>
+    #if JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI
+        #include <any>
+    #endif
     #include <string_view>
 #endif
 
@@ -20100,7 +20149,10 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
         bool is_an_object = std::all_of(init.begin(), init.end(),
                                         [](const detail::json_ref<basic_json>& element_ref)
         {
-            return element_ref->is_array() && element_ref->size() == 2 && (*element_ref)[0].is_string();
+            // The cast is to ensure op[size_type] is called, bearing in mind size_type may not be int;
+            // (many string types can be constructed from 0 via its null-pointer guise, so we get a
+            // broken call to op[key_type], the wrong semantics and a 4804 warning on Windows)
+            return element_ref->is_array() && element_ref->size() == 2 && (*element_ref)[static_cast<size_type>(0)].is_string();
         });
 
         // adjust type if type deduction is not wanted
@@ -21077,7 +21129,7 @@ class basic_json // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-special-member-functions,hicpp-spec
 #if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17) && (defined(__GNUC__) || (defined(_MSC_VER) && _MSC_VER >= 1910 && _MSC_VER <= 1914))
                                                 detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, std::string_view>>,
 #endif
-#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17)
+#if defined(JSON_HAS_CPP_17) && JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI
                                                 detail::negation<std::is_same<ValueType, std::any>>,
 #endif
                                                 detail::is_detected_lazy<detail::get_template_function, const basic_json_t&, ValueType>
@@ -24353,7 +24405,11 @@ inline namespace json_literals
 /// @brief user-defined string literal for JSON values
 /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json/
 JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
-inline nlohmann::json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0)
+    inline nlohmann::json operator ""_json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#else
+    inline nlohmann::json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#endif
 {
     return nlohmann::json::parse(s, s + n);
 }
@@ -24361,7 +24417,11 @@ inline nlohmann::json operator "" _json(const char* s, std::size_t n)
 /// @brief user-defined string literal for JSON pointer
 /// @sa https://json.nlohmann.me/api/basic_json/operator_literal_json_pointer/
 JSON_HEDLEY_NON_NULL(1)
-inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator "" _json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0)
+    inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator ""_json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#else
+    inline nlohmann::json::json_pointer operator "" _json_pointer(const char* s, std::size_t n)
+#endif
 {
     return nlohmann::json::json_pointer(std::string(s, n));
 }
@@ -24425,8 +24485,13 @@ inline void swap(nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j1, nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC
 }  // namespace std
 
 #if JSON_USE_GLOBAL_UDLS
-    using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator "" _json; // NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
-    using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator "" _json_pointer; //NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+    #if !defined(JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION) || JSON_HEDLEY_GCC_VERSION_CHECK(4,9,0)
+        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator ""_json; // NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator ""_json_pointer; //NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+    #else
+        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator "" _json; // NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+        using nlohmann::literals::json_literals::operator "" _json_pointer; //NOLINT(misc-unused-using-decls,google-global-names-in-headers)
+    #endif
 #endif
 
 // #include <nlohmann/detail/macro_unscope.hpp>
@@ -24439,6 +24504,7 @@ inline void swap(nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j1, nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 // restore clang diagnostic settings
 #if defined(__clang__)
     #pragma clang diagnostic pop
@@ -24469,6 +24535,7 @@ inline void swap(nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j1, nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC
     #undef JSON_HAS_EXPERIMENTAL_FILESYSTEM
     #undef JSON_HAS_THREE_WAY_COMPARISON
     #undef JSON_HAS_RANGES
+    #undef JSON_HAS_STATIC_RTTI
     #undef JSON_USE_LEGACY_DISCARDED_VALUE_COMPARISON
 #endif
 
@@ -24482,6 +24549,7 @@ inline void swap(nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j1, nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ALWAYS_INLINE
 #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION
 #undef JSON_HEDLEY_ARM_VERSION_CHECK
@@ -24632,4 +24700,5 @@ inline void swap(nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC_JSON_TPL& j1, nlohmann::NLOHMANN_BASIC
 #undef JSON_HEDLEY_FALL_THROUGH
 
 
+
 #endif  // INCLUDE_NLOHMANN_JSON_HPP_
diff --git a/single_include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp b/single_include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp
index 7a0c8a82a..98070dfc9 100644
--- a/single_include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp
+++ b/single_include/nlohmann/json_fwd.hpp
@@ -25,6 +25,7 @@
 // SPDX-License-Identifier: MIT
 
 
+
 // This file contains all macro definitions affecting or depending on the ABI
 
 #ifndef JSON_SKIP_LIBRARY_VERSION_CHECK
diff --git a/tests/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
index 3b9ae4d91..a153a6924 100644
--- a/tests/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.13...3.14)
 
 option(JSON_Valgrind    "Execute test suite with Valgrind." OFF)
 option(JSON_FastTests   "Skip expensive/slow tests." OFF)
diff --git a/tests/abi/include/nlohmann/json_v3_10_5.hpp b/tests/abi/include/nlohmann/json_v3_10_5.hpp
index 87995556e..1f8cdcb50 100644
--- a/tests/abi/include/nlohmann/json_v3_10_5.hpp
+++ b/tests/abi/include/nlohmann/json_v3_10_5.hpp
@@ -5491,7 +5491,7 @@ struct wide_string_input_helper<BaseInputAdapter, 2>
     }
 };
 
-// Wraps another input apdater to convert wide character types into individual bytes.
+// Wraps another input adapter to convert wide character types into individual bytes.
 template<typename BaseInputAdapter, typename WideCharType>
 class wide_string_input_adapter
 {
diff --git a/tests/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt
index 92ff0ea7b..4aa095e39 100644
--- a/tests/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/benchmarks/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11...3.14)
 project(JSON_Benchmarks LANGUAGES CXX)
 
 # set compiler flags
diff --git a/tests/cmake_add_subdirectory/project/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/cmake_add_subdirectory/project/CMakeLists.txt
index caab6c4e1..0695305ff 100644
--- a/tests/cmake_add_subdirectory/project/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/cmake_add_subdirectory/project/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1...3.14)
 
 project(DummyImport CXX)
 
diff --git a/tests/cmake_fetch_content/project/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/cmake_fetch_content/project/CMakeLists.txt
index fd8fbdd5f..b64af9ea5 100644
--- a/tests/cmake_fetch_content/project/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/cmake_fetch_content/project/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.11...3.14)
 
 project(DummyImport CXX)
 
diff --git a/tests/cmake_import/project/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/cmake_import/project/CMakeLists.txt
index fe892fc1f..585f34cef 100644
--- a/tests/cmake_import/project/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/cmake_import/project/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1...3.14)
 
 project(DummyImport CXX)
 
diff --git a/tests/cmake_import_minver/project/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/cmake_import_minver/project/CMakeLists.txt
index 29056bdc5..25e40bfac 100644
--- a/tests/cmake_import_minver/project/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/cmake_import_minver/project/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1...3.14)
 
 project(DummyImportMinVer CXX)
 
diff --git a/tests/cmake_target_include_directories/project/CMakeLists.txt b/tests/cmake_target_include_directories/project/CMakeLists.txt
index f56786c09..26b55cd89 100644
--- a/tests/cmake_target_include_directories/project/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/tests/cmake_target_include_directories/project/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -1,4 +1,4 @@
-cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1)
+cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.1...3.14)
 
 project(DummyImport CXX)
 
diff --git a/tests/src/fuzzer-parse_bjdata.cpp b/tests/src/fuzzer-parse_bjdata.cpp
index 7f0b1b300..ef2f8fc39 100644
--- a/tests/src/fuzzer-parse_bjdata.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/fuzzer-parse_bjdata.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
             // step 2.1: round trip without adding size annotations to container types
             std::vector<uint8_t> const vec2 = json::to_bjdata(j1, false, false);
 
-            // step 2.2: round trip with adding size annotations but without adding type annonations to container types
+            // step 2.2: round trip with adding size annotations but without adding type annotations to container types
             std::vector<uint8_t> const vec3 = json::to_bjdata(j1, true, false);
 
             // step 2.3: round trip with adding size as well as type annotations to container types
diff --git a/tests/src/fuzzer-parse_ubjson.cpp b/tests/src/fuzzer-parse_ubjson.cpp
index 67261deb0..d19418eb0 100644
--- a/tests/src/fuzzer-parse_ubjson.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/fuzzer-parse_ubjson.cpp
@@ -45,7 +45,7 @@ extern "C" int LLVMFuzzerTestOneInput(const uint8_t* data, size_t size)
             // step 2.1: round trip without adding size annotations to container types
             std::vector<uint8_t> const vec2 = json::to_ubjson(j1, false, false);
 
-            // step 2.2: round trip with adding size annotations but without adding type annonations to container types
+            // step 2.2: round trip with adding size annotations but without adding type annotations to container types
             std::vector<uint8_t> const vec3 = json::to_ubjson(j1, true, false);
 
             // step 2.3: round trip with adding size as well as type annotations to container types
diff --git a/tests/src/unit-bjdata.cpp b/tests/src/unit-bjdata.cpp
index 1aa3c22b0..919ddf84f 100644
--- a/tests/src/unit-bjdata.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/unit-bjdata.cpp
@@ -339,13 +339,13 @@ TEST_CASE("BJData")
                     std::vector<int32_t> const numbers
                     {
                         -32769,
-                        -100000,
-                        -1000000,
-                        -10000000,
-                        -100000000,
-                        -1000000000,
-                        -2147483647 - 1, // https://stackoverflow.com/a/29356002/266378
-                    };
+                            -100000,
+                            -1000000,
+                            -10000000,
+                            -100000000,
+                            -1000000000,
+                            -2147483647 - 1, // https://stackoverflow.com/a/29356002/266378
+                        };
                     for (const auto i : numbers)
                     {
                         CAPTURE(i)
diff --git a/tests/src/unit-bson.cpp b/tests/src/unit-bson.cpp
index 83a385a0a..31fc2cf05 100644
--- a/tests/src/unit-bson.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/unit-bson.cpp
@@ -562,7 +562,7 @@ TEST_CASE("BSON")
         }
     }
 
-    SECTION("Examples from http://bsonspec.org/faq.html")
+    SECTION("Examples from https://bsonspec.org/faq.html")
     {
         SECTION("Example 1")
         {
diff --git a/tests/src/unit-cbor.cpp b/tests/src/unit-cbor.cpp
index 1691bf541..0bf33e13d 100644
--- a/tests/src/unit-cbor.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/unit-cbor.cpp
@@ -241,13 +241,13 @@ TEST_CASE("CBOR")
                     const std::vector<int64_t> numbers
                     {
                         -65537,
-                        -100000,
-                        -1000000,
-                        -10000000,
-                        -100000000,
-                        -1000000000,
-                        -4294967296,
-                    };
+                            -100000,
+                            -1000000,
+                            -10000000,
+                            -100000000,
+                            -1000000000,
+                            -4294967296,
+                        };
                     for (const auto i : numbers)
                     {
                         CAPTURE(i)
@@ -1962,7 +1962,7 @@ TEST_CASE("CBOR regressions")
                     CHECK(false);
                 }
             }
-            catch (const json::parse_error&)
+            catch (const json::parse_error&) // NOLINT(bugprone-empty-catch)
             {
                 // parse errors are ok, because input may be random bytes
             }
diff --git a/tests/src/unit-class_parser.cpp b/tests/src/unit-class_parser.cpp
index b8bb65406..81f04eb1d 100644
--- a/tests/src/unit-class_parser.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/unit-class_parser.cpp
@@ -542,13 +542,13 @@ TEST_CASE("parser class")
                     CHECK(parser_helper("9007199254740991").get<int64_t>() == 9007199254740991);
                 }
 
-                SECTION("over the edge cases")  // issue #178 - Integer conversion to unsigned (incorrect handling of 64 bit integers)
+                SECTION("over the edge cases")  // issue #178 - Integer conversion to unsigned (incorrect handling of 64-bit integers)
                 {
                     // While RFC8259, Section 6 specifies a preference for support
                     // for ranges in range of IEEE 754-2008 binary64 (double precision)
-                    // this does not accommodate 64 bit integers without loss of accuracy.
-                    // As 64 bit integers are now widely used in software, it is desirable
-                    // to expand support to to the full 64 bit (signed and unsigned) range
+                    // this does not accommodate 64-bit integers without loss of accuracy.
+                    // As 64-bit integers are now widely used in software, it is desirable
+                    // to expand support to the full 64 bit (signed and unsigned) range
                     // i.e. -(2**63) -> (2**64)-1.
 
                     // -(2**63)    ** Note: compilers see negative literals as negated positive numbers (hence the -1))
@@ -822,7 +822,7 @@ TEST_CASE("parser class")
                     CHECK(accept_helper("9007199254740991"));
                 }
 
-                SECTION("over the edge cases")  // issue #178 - Integer conversion to unsigned (incorrect handling of 64 bit integers)
+                SECTION("over the edge cases")  // issue #178 - Integer conversion to unsigned (incorrect handling of 64-bit integers)
                 {
                     // While RFC8259, Section 6 specifies a preference for support
                     // for ranges in range of IEEE 754-2008 binary64 (double precision)
diff --git a/tests/src/unit-element_access2.cpp b/tests/src/unit-element_access2.cpp
index 70d73f214..ef28df4d6 100644
--- a/tests/src/unit-element_access2.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/unit-element_access2.cpp
@@ -1521,9 +1521,9 @@ TEST_CASE_TEMPLATE("element access 2 (additional value() tests)", Json, nlohmann
             CHECK(j.value("foo", cpstr) == "bar");
             CHECK(j.value("foo", castr) == "bar");
             CHECK(j.value("foo", str) == "bar");
-            // this test is in fact different than the one below,
+            // this test is in fact different from the one below,
             // because of 0 considering const char * overloads
-            // where as any other number does not
+            // whereas any other number does not
             CHECK(j.value("baz", 0) == 42);
             CHECK(j.value("baz", 47) == 42);
             CHECK(j.value("baz", integer) == 42);
diff --git a/tests/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp b/tests/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp
index 7cb718811..a045e55f3 100644
--- a/tests/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/unit-json_pointer.cpp
@@ -123,8 +123,7 @@ TEST_CASE("JSON pointers")
             CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/a~1b")));
             CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/m~0n")));
 
-            // unescaped access
-            // access to nonexisting values yield object creation
+            // unescaped access to nonexisting values yield object creation
             CHECK(!j.contains(json::json_pointer("/a/b")));
             CHECK_NOTHROW(j[json::json_pointer("/a/b")] = 42);
             CHECK(j.contains(json::json_pointer("/a/b")));
diff --git a/tests/src/unit-msgpack.cpp b/tests/src/unit-msgpack.cpp
index fa1dac82c..ff4a25f4f 100644
--- a/tests/src/unit-msgpack.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/unit-msgpack.cpp
@@ -479,11 +479,11 @@ TEST_CASE("MessagePack")
                     std::vector<int32_t> const numbers
                     {
                         -32769,
-                        -65536,
-                        -77777,
-                        -1048576,
-                        -2147483648LL,
-                    };
+                            -65536,
+                            -77777,
+                            -1048576,
+                            -2147483648LL,
+                        };
                     for (auto i : numbers)
                     {
                         CAPTURE(i)
@@ -1124,7 +1124,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MessagePack")
                 // Checking against an expected vector byte by byte is
                 // difficult, because no assumption on the order of key/value
                 // pairs are made. We therefore only check the prefix (type and
-                // size and the overall size. The rest is then handled in the
+                // size) and the overall size. The rest is then handled in the
                 // roundtrip check.
                 CHECK(result.size() == 67); // 1 type, 2 size, 16*4 content
                 CHECK(result[0] == 0xde); // map 16
@@ -1153,7 +1153,7 @@ TEST_CASE("MessagePack")
                 // Checking against an expected vector byte by byte is
                 // difficult, because no assumption on the order of key/value
                 // pairs are made. We therefore only check the prefix (type and
-                // size and the overall size. The rest is then handled in the
+                // size) and the overall size. The rest is then handled in the
                 // roundtrip check.
                 CHECK(result.size() == 458757); // 1 type, 4 size, 65536*7 content
                 CHECK(result[0] == 0xdf); // map 32
diff --git a/tests/src/unit-no-mem-leak-on-adl-serialize.cpp b/tests/src/unit-no-mem-leak-on-adl-serialize.cpp
index a85592a83..5db7d1b1b 100644
--- a/tests/src/unit-no-mem-leak-on-adl-serialize.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/unit-no-mem-leak-on-adl-serialize.cpp
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ TEST_CASE("check_for_mem_leak_on_adl_to_json-1")
         const nlohmann::json j = Foo {1, 0};
         std::cout << j.dump() << "\n";
     }
-    catch (...)
+    catch (...) // NOLINT(bugprone-empty-catch)
     {
         // just ignore the exception in this POC
     }
@@ -64,7 +64,7 @@ TEST_CASE("check_for_mem_leak_on_adl_to_json-2")
         const nlohmann::json j = Foo {1, 1};
         std::cout << j.dump() << "\n";
     }
-    catch (...)
+    catch (...) // NOLINT(bugprone-empty-catch)
     {
         // just ignore the exception in this POC
     }
@@ -77,7 +77,7 @@ TEST_CASE("check_for_mem_leak_on_adl_to_json-2")
         const nlohmann::json j = Foo {1, 2};
         std::cout << j.dump() << "\n";
     }
-    catch (...)
+    catch (...) // NOLINT(bugprone-empty-catch)
     {
         // just ignore the exception in this POC
     }
diff --git a/tests/src/unit-unicode1.cpp b/tests/src/unit-unicode1.cpp
index 726a70d1c..8ed32a124 100644
--- a/tests/src/unit-unicode1.cpp
+++ b/tests/src/unit-unicode1.cpp
@@ -442,7 +442,7 @@ TEST_CASE("Markus Kuhn's UTF-8 decoder capability and stress test")
 
         SECTION("4.1  Examples of an overlong ASCII character")
         {
-            // With a safe UTF-8 decoder, all of the following five overlong
+            // With a safe UTF-8 decoder, all the following five overlong
             // representations of the ASCII character slash ("/") should be rejected
             // like a malformed UTF-8 sequence, for instance by substituting it with
             // a replacement character. If you see a slash below, you do not have a
diff --git a/tests/thirdparty/fifo_map/fifo_map.hpp b/tests/thirdparty/fifo_map/fifo_map.hpp
index 180d1768b..549b71bf9 100644
--- a/tests/thirdparty/fifo_map/fifo_map.hpp
+++ b/tests/thirdparty/fifo_map/fifo_map.hpp
@@ -393,7 +393,7 @@ template <
     }
 
     /// swaps the contents
-    void swap(fifo_map& other)
+    void swap(fifo_map& other) // NOLINT(cppcoreguidelines-noexcept-swap,performance-noexcept-swap)
     {
         std::swap(m_map, other.m_map);
         std::swap(m_compare, other.m_compare);
@@ -520,7 +520,7 @@ template <
 namespace std // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp,-warnings-as-errors)
 {
 template <class Key, class T, class Compare, class Allocator>
-inline void swap(nlohmann::fifo_map<Key, T, Compare, Allocator>& m1, // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp)
+inline void swap(nlohmann::fifo_map<Key, T, Compare, Allocator>& m1, // NOLINT(cert-dcl58-cpp,cppcoreguidelines-noexcept-swap,performance-noexcept-swap)
                  nlohmann::fifo_map<Key, T, Compare, Allocator>& m2)
 {
     m1.swap(m2);