diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-misc_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-misc_test.cc
index c1e4f352..0c7aa499 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-misc_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-matchers-misc_test.cc
@@ -200,7 +200,7 @@ TEST(IsTrueTest, IsTrueIsFalse) {
   EXPECT_THAT(nonnull_unique, Not(IsFalse()));
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_TYPED_TEST
 // Tests ContainerEq with different container types, and
 // different element types.
 
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
index ad56ead0..d53196b3 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-spec-builders_test.cc
@@ -1088,7 +1088,7 @@ TEST(UnexpectedCallTest, UnsatisfiedPrerequisites) {
 
   // Verifies that the failure message contains the two unsatisfied
   // pre-requisites but not the satisfied one.
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
   EXPECT_THAT(r.message(),
               ContainsRegex(
                   // POSIX RE doesn't understand the (?s) prefix, but has no
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
index b793528b..08fef8c7 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest-death-test.h
@@ -51,7 +51,7 @@ GTEST_DECLARE_string_(death_test_style);
 
 namespace testing {
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 namespace internal {
 
@@ -328,7 +328,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ KilledBySignal {
 // death tests are supported; otherwise they just issue a warning.  This is
 // useful when you are combining death test assertions with normal test
 // assertions in one test.
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 #define EXPECT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
   EXPECT_DEATH(statement, regex)
 #define ASSERT_DEATH_IF_SUPPORTED(statement, regex) \
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
index 2bf64938..c1001d67 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/gtest.h
@@ -600,7 +600,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ TestInfo {
   const TestResult* result() const { return &result_; }
 
  private:
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class internal::DefaultDeathTestFactory;
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   friend class Test;
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
index 21f3d29f..522eed85 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-death-test-internal.h
@@ -57,7 +57,7 @@ const char kDeathTestStyleFlag[] = "death_test_style";
 const char kDeathTestUseFork[] = "death_test_use_fork";
 const char kInternalRunDeathTestFlag[] = "internal_run_death_test";
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4251 \
 /* class A needs to have dll-interface to be used by clients of class B */)
diff --git a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
index b757c7d8..29503db0 100644
--- a/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
+++ b/googletest/include/gtest/internal/gtest-port.h
@@ -161,10 +161,10 @@
 // NOT define them.
 //
 // These macros are public so that portable tests can be written.
-// Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #if
+// Such tests typically surround code using a feature with an #ifdef
 // which controls that code.  For example:
 //
-// #if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+// #ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 //   EXPECT_DEATH(DoSomethingDeadly());
 // #endif
 //
@@ -794,7 +794,7 @@ typedef struct _RTL_CRITICAL_SECTION GTEST_CRITICAL_SECTION;
 
 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 // Some platforms don't support including these threading related headers.
 #include <condition_variable>  // NOLINT
 #include <mutex>               // NOLINT
@@ -909,7 +909,7 @@ GTEST_API_ bool IsTrue(bool condition);
 
 // Defines RE.
 
-#if GTEST_USES_RE2
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_RE2
 
 // This is almost `using RE = ::RE2`, except it is copy-constructible, and it
 // needs to disambiguate the `std::string`, `absl::string_view`, and `const
@@ -934,7 +934,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ RE {
   RE2 regex_;
 };
 
-#elif GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE || GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+#elif defined(GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE) || defined(GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE)
 
 // A simple C++ wrapper for <regex.h>.  It uses the POSIX Extended
 // Regular Expression syntax.
@@ -972,7 +972,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ RE {
   std::string pattern_;
   bool is_valid_;
 
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
   regex_t full_regex_;     // For FullMatch().
   regex_t partial_regex_;  // For PartialMatch().
@@ -1200,7 +1200,7 @@ GTEST_API_ std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file);
 // All command line arguments.
 GTEST_API_ std::vector<std::string> GetArgvs();
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 std::vector<std::string> GetInjectableArgvs();
 // Deprecated: pass the args vector by value instead.
@@ -1211,7 +1211,7 @@ void ClearInjectableArgvs();
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // Defines synchronization primitives.
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 #ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 // Provides leak-safe Windows kernel handle ownership.
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
index f91eba22..649b17b5 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-death-test.cc
@@ -40,7 +40,7 @@
 #include "gtest/internal/custom/gtest.h"
 #include "gtest/internal/gtest-port.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #ifdef GTEST_OS_MAC
 #include <crt_externs.h>
@@ -133,7 +133,7 @@ GTEST_DEFINE_string_(
 
 namespace testing {
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 namespace internal {
 
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h b/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
index 036c3415..007e0498 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-internal-inl.h
@@ -672,7 +672,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   void AddTestInfo(internal::SetUpTestSuiteFunc set_up_tc,
                    internal::TearDownTestSuiteFunc tear_down_tc,
                    TestInfo* test_info) {
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
     // In order to support thread-safe death tests, we need to
     // remember the original working directory when the test program
     // was first invoked.  We cannot do this in RUN_ALL_TESTS(), as
@@ -778,7 +778,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
     return gtest_trace_stack_.get();
   }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   void InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo() {
     internal_run_death_test_flag_.reset(ParseInternalRunDeathTestFlag());
   }
@@ -943,7 +943,7 @@ class GTEST_API_ UnitTestImpl {
   // How long the test took to run, in milliseconds.
   TimeInMillis elapsed_time_;
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   // The decomposed components of the gtest_internal_run_death_test flag,
   // parsed when RUN_ALL_TESTS is called.
   std::unique_ptr<InternalRunDeathTestFlag> internal_run_death_test_flag_;
@@ -967,7 +967,7 @@ inline UnitTestImpl* GetUnitTestImpl() {
   return UnitTest::GetInstance()->impl();
 }
 
-#if GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
 
 // Internal helper functions for implementing the simple regular
 // expression matcher.
@@ -993,7 +993,7 @@ GTEST_API_ bool MatchRegexAnywhere(const char* regex, const char* str);
 GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, char** argv);
 GTEST_API_ void ParseGoogleTestFlagsOnly(int* argc, wchar_t** argv);
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // Returns the message describing the last system error, regardless of the
 // platform.
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc b/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
index da4d12d8..994fabd4 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest-port.cc
@@ -657,7 +657,7 @@ void ThreadLocalRegistry::OnThreadLocalDestroyed(
 
 #endif  // GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE && GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
 // Implements RE.  Currently only needed for death tests.
 
@@ -719,7 +719,7 @@ void RE::Init(const char* regex) {
   delete[] full_pattern;
 }
 
-#elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+#elif defined(GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE)
 
 // Returns true if and only if ch appears anywhere in str (excluding the
 // terminating '\0' character).
@@ -1221,7 +1221,7 @@ std::string ReadEntireFile(FILE* file) {
   return content;
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 static const std::vector<std::string>* g_injected_test_argvs =
     nullptr;  // Owned.
 
diff --git a/googletest/src/gtest.cc b/googletest/src/gtest.cc
index 88bbcd20..7ffbf418 100644
--- a/googletest/src/gtest.cc
+++ b/googletest/src/gtest.cc
@@ -5018,7 +5018,7 @@ void OsStackTraceGetter::UponLeavingGTest() GTEST_LOCK_EXCLUDED_(mutex_) {
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_ABSL
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 // A helper class that creates the premature-exit file in its
 // constructor and deletes the file in its destructor.
 class ScopedPrematureExitFile {
@@ -5383,7 +5383,7 @@ void UnitTest::RecordProperty(const std::string& key,
 // We don't protect this under mutex_, as we only support calling it
 // from the main thread.
 int UnitTest::Run() {
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   const bool in_death_test_child_process =
       GTEST_FLAG_GET(internal_run_death_test).length() > 0;
 
@@ -5560,7 +5560,7 @@ UnitTestImpl::UnitTestImpl(UnitTest* parent)
       random_(0),       // Will be reseeded before first use.
       start_timestamp_(0),
       elapsed_time_(0),
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
       death_test_factory_(new DefaultDeathTestFactory),
 #endif
       // Will be overridden by the flag before first use.
@@ -5600,7 +5600,7 @@ void UnitTestImpl::RecordProperty(const TestProperty& test_property) {
   test_result->RecordProperty(xml_element, test_property);
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 // Disables event forwarding if the control is currently in a death test
 // subprocess. Must not be called before InitGoogleTest.
 void UnitTestImpl::SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess() {
@@ -5663,7 +5663,7 @@ void UnitTestImpl::PostFlagParsingInit() {
     listeners()->Append(new GTEST_CUSTOM_TEST_EVENT_LISTENER_());
 #endif  // defined(GTEST_CUSTOM_TEST_EVENT_LISTENER_)
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
     InitDeathTestSubprocessControlInfo();
     SuppressTestEventsIfInSubprocess();
 #endif  // GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
@@ -5801,7 +5801,7 @@ bool UnitTestImpl::RunAllTests() {
   // death test.
   bool in_subprocess_for_death_test = false;
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   in_subprocess_for_death_test =
       (internal_run_death_test_flag_.get() != nullptr);
 #if defined(GTEST_EXTRA_DEATH_TEST_CHILD_SETUP_)
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-death-test-test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-death-test-test.cc
index a361a574..3579ce88 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-death-test-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-death-test-test.cc
@@ -37,7 +37,7 @@
 using testing::internal::AlwaysFalse;
 using testing::internal::AlwaysTrue;
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #ifdef GTEST_OS_WINDOWS
 #include <direct.h>  // For chdir().
@@ -1353,7 +1353,7 @@ void DieWithMessage(const char* message) {
 TEST(MatcherDeathTest, DoesNotBreakBareRegexMatching) {
   // googletest tests this, of course; here we ensure that including googlemock
   // has not broken it.
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
   EXPECT_DEATH(DieWithMessage("O, I die, Horatio."), "I d[aeiou]e");
 #else
   EXPECT_DEATH(DieWithMessage("O, I die, Horatio."), "I di?e");
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-death-test_ex_test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-death-test_ex_test.cc
index f2515e37..34d55013 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-death-test_ex_test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-death-test_ex_test.cc
@@ -33,7 +33,7 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest-death-test.h"
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 #if GTEST_HAS_SEH
 #include <windows.h>  // For RaiseException().
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-output-test_.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-output-test_.cc
index 090fb070..1a496ac8 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-output-test_.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-output-test_.cc
@@ -41,7 +41,7 @@
 
 GTEST_DISABLE_MSC_WARNINGS_PUSH_(4127 /* conditional expression is constant */)
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 using testing::ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporter;
 using testing::TestPartResultArray;
 
@@ -247,7 +247,7 @@ TEST(SCOPED_TRACETest, CanBeRepeated) {
                 << "contain trace point A, B, and D.";
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 // Tests that SCOPED_TRACE()s can be used concurrently from multiple
 // threads.  Namely, an assertion should be affected by
 // SCOPED_TRACE()s in its own thread only.
@@ -773,7 +773,7 @@ REGISTER_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(DetectNotInstantiatedTypesTest, Used);
 // typedef ::testing::Types<char, int, unsigned int> MyTypes;
 // INSTANTIATE_TYPED_TEST_SUITE_P(All, DetectNotInstantiatedTypesTest, MyTypes);
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 // We rely on the golden file to verify that tests whose test case
 // name ends with DeathTest are run first.
@@ -851,7 +851,7 @@ TEST_F(ExpectFailureTest, ExpectNonFatalFailure) {
                           "failure.");
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 class ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest : public ExpectFailureTest {
  protected:
@@ -1024,7 +1024,7 @@ int main(int argc, char** argv) {
       std::count(argv, argv + argc,
                  std::string("internal_skip_environment_and_ad_hoc_tests")) > 0;
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
   if (GTEST_FLAG_GET(internal_run_death_test) != "") {
     // Skip the usual output capturing if we're running as the child
     // process of an threadsafe-style death test.
diff --git a/googletest/test/googletest-port-test.cc b/googletest/test/googletest-port-test.cc
index a93572a9..f3ebda9f 100644
--- a/googletest/test/googletest-port-test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/googletest-port-test.cc
@@ -361,7 +361,7 @@ TEST(GtestCheckDeathTest, DiesWithCorrectOutputOnFailure) {
   const char regex[] =
 #ifdef _MSC_VER
       "googletest-port-test\\.cc\\(\\d+\\):"
-#elif GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#elif defined(GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE)
       "googletest-port-test\\.cc:[0-9]+"
 #else
       "googletest-port-test\\.cc:\\d+"
@@ -372,7 +372,7 @@ TEST(GtestCheckDeathTest, DiesWithCorrectOutputOnFailure) {
                             regex);
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 
 TEST(GtestCheckDeathTest, LivesSilentlyOnSuccess) {
   EXPECT_EXIT(
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ TEST(RegexEngineSelectionTest, SelectsCorrectRegexEngine) {
 #endif
 }
 
-#if GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
+#ifdef GTEST_USES_POSIX_RE
 
 template <typename Str>
 class RETest : public ::testing::Test {};
@@ -456,7 +456,7 @@ TYPED_TEST(RETest, PartialMatchWorks) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(RE::PartialMatch(TypeParam("zza"), re));
 }
 
-#elif GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE
+#elif defined(GTEST_USES_SIMPLE_RE)
 
 TEST(IsInSetTest, NulCharIsNotInAnySet) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(IsInSet('\0', ""));
@@ -1011,7 +1011,7 @@ TEST(ThreadLocalTest, PointerAndConstPointerReturnSameValue) {
   EXPECT_EQ(thread_local_string.pointer(), const_thread_local_string.pointer());
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 void AddTwo(int* param) { *param += 2; }
 
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_help_test_.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_help_test_.cc
index da289f05..18b5f3cd 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_help_test_.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_help_test_.cc
@@ -39,6 +39,6 @@ TEST(HelpFlagTest, ShouldNotBeRun) {
   ASSERT_TRUE(false) << "Tests shouldn't be run when --help is specified.";
 }
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#ifdef GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
 TEST(DeathTest, UsedByPythonScriptToDetectSupportForDeathTestsInThisBinary) {}
 #endif
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_stress_test.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
index 24b173ff..af9733ad 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_stress_test.cc
@@ -35,7 +35,7 @@
 #include "gtest/gtest.h"
 #include "src/gtest-internal-inl.h"
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 namespace testing {
 namespace {
diff --git a/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc b/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
index 461297ab..2f137d24 100644
--- a/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
+++ b/googletest/test/gtest_unittest.cc
@@ -270,7 +270,7 @@ using testing::internal::CaptureStdout;
 using testing::internal::GetCapturedStdout;
 #endif
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 using testing::internal::ThreadWithParam;
 #endif
 
@@ -1189,7 +1189,7 @@ TEST_F(ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest, DeprecatedConstructor) {
   EXPECT_EQ(1, results.size());
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 class ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest
     : public ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterTest {
@@ -1347,7 +1347,7 @@ TEST_F(ExpectNonfatalFailureTest, AcceptsMacroThatExpandsToUnprotectedComma) {
       "");
 }
 
-#if GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
+#ifdef GTEST_IS_THREADSAFE
 
 typedef ScopedFakeTestPartResultReporterWithThreadsTest
     ExpectFailureWithThreadsTest;
@@ -6178,7 +6178,7 @@ TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, FilterBad) {
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_filter", nullptr};
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL && GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL && defined(GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST)
   // Invalid flag arguments are a fatal error when using the Abseil Flags.
   EXPECT_EXIT(GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags::Filter(""), true),
               testing::ExitedWithCode(1),
@@ -6197,7 +6197,7 @@ TEST_F(ParseFlagsTest, OutputEmpty) {
 
   const char* argv2[] = {"foo.exe", "--gtest_output", nullptr};
 
-#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL && GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST
+#if GTEST_HAS_ABSL && defined(GTEST_HAS_DEATH_TEST)
   // Invalid flag arguments are a fatal error when using the Abseil Flags.
   EXPECT_EXIT(GTEST_TEST_PARSING_FLAGS_(argv, argv2, Flags(), true),
               testing::ExitedWithCode(1),