diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
index e4af9d2d..37d0d53d 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-actions.h
@@ -1061,6 +1061,24 @@ class DoBothAction {
   GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(DoBothAction);
 };
 
+template <typename InnerAction, size_t... I>
+struct WithArgsAction {
+  InnerAction action;
+
+  // The inner action could be anything convertible to Action<X>.
+  // We use the conversion operator to detect the signature of the inner Action.
+  template <typename R, typename... Args>
+  operator Action<R(Args...)>() const {  // NOLINT
+    Action<R(typename std::tuple_element<I, std::tuple<Args...>>::type...)>
+        converted(action);
+
+    return [converted](Args... args) -> R {
+      return converted.Perform(std::forward_as_tuple(
+        std::get<I>(std::forward_as_tuple(std::forward<Args>(args)...))...));
+    };
+  }
+};
+
 }  // namespace internal
 
 // An Unused object can be implicitly constructed from ANY value.
@@ -1111,6 +1129,37 @@ Action<To>::Action(const Action<From>& from)
                 : new internal::ActionAdaptor<To, From>(from)) {
 }
 
+// WithArg<k>(an_action) creates an action that passes the k-th
+// (0-based) argument of the mock function to an_action and performs
+// it.  It adapts an action accepting one argument to one that accepts
+// multiple arguments.  For convenience, we also provide
+// WithArgs<k>(an_action) (defined below) as a synonym.
+template <size_t k, typename InnerAction>
+internal::WithArgsAction<typename std::decay<InnerAction>::type, k>
+WithArg(InnerAction&& action) {
+  return {std::forward<InnerAction>(action)};
+}
+
+// WithArgs<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(an_action) creates an action that passes
+// the selected arguments of the mock function to an_action and
+// performs it.  It serves as an adaptor between actions with
+// different argument lists.
+template <size_t k, size_t... ks, typename InnerAction>
+internal::WithArgsAction<typename std::decay<InnerAction>::type, k, ks...>
+WithArgs(InnerAction&& action) {
+  return {std::forward<InnerAction>(action)};
+}
+
+// WithoutArgs(inner_action) can be used in a mock function with a
+// non-empty argument list to perform inner_action, which takes no
+// argument.  In other words, it adapts an action accepting no
+// argument to one that accepts (and ignores) arguments.
+template <typename InnerAction>
+internal::WithArgsAction<typename std::decay<InnerAction>::type>
+WithoutArgs(InnerAction&& action) {
+  return {std::forward<InnerAction>(action)};
+}
+
 // Creates an action that returns 'value'.  'value' is passed by value
 // instead of const reference - otherwise Return("string literal")
 // will trigger a compiler error about using array as initializer.
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h
index 8966f05c..fac491b7 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h
@@ -352,235 +352,6 @@ class InvokeCallbackAction {
   const std::shared_ptr<CallbackType> callback_;
 };
 
-// An INTERNAL macro for extracting the type of a tuple field.  It's
-// subject to change without notice - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE!
-#define GMOCK_FIELD_(Tuple, N) \
-    typename ::std::tuple_element<N, Tuple>::type
-
-// SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple, k1, k2, ..., k_n>::type is the
-// type of an n-ary function whose i-th (1-based) argument type is the
-// k{i}-th (0-based) field of ArgumentTuple, which must be a tuple
-// type, and whose return type is Result.  For example,
-//   SelectArgs<int, ::std::tuple<bool, char, double, long>, 0, 3>::type
-// is int(bool, long).
-//
-// SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple, k1, k2, ..., k_n>::Select(args)
-// returns the selected fields (k1, k2, ..., k_n) of args as a tuple.
-// For example,
-//   SelectArgs<int, std::tuple<bool, char, double>, 2, 0>::Select(
-//       ::std::make_tuple(true, 'a', 2.5))
-// returns tuple (2.5, true).
-//
-// The numbers in list k1, k2, ..., k_n must be >= 0, where n can be
-// in the range [0, 10].  Duplicates are allowed and they don't have
-// to be in an ascending or descending order.
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
-    int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7, int k8, int k9, int k10>
-class SelectArgs {
- public:
-  typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k8), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k9),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k10));
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs(std::get<k1>(args), std::get<k2>(args),
-        std::get<k3>(args), std::get<k4>(args), std::get<k5>(args),
-        std::get<k6>(args), std::get<k7>(args), std::get<k8>(args),
-        std::get<k9>(args), std::get<k10>(args));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type();
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& /* args */) {
-    return SelectedArgs();
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 k1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1));
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs(std::get<k1>(args));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 k1, k2, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2));
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs(std::get<k1>(args), std::get<k2>(args));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 k1, k2, k3, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3));
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs(std::get<k1>(args), std::get<k2>(args),
-        std::get<k3>(args));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
-    int k4>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 k1, k2, k3, k4, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4));
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs(std::get<k1>(args), std::get<k2>(args),
-        std::get<k3>(args), std::get<k4>(args));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
-    int k4, int k5>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, -1, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5));
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs(std::get<k1>(args), std::get<k2>(args),
-        std::get<k3>(args), std::get<k4>(args), std::get<k5>(args));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
-    int k4, int k5, int k6>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, -1, -1, -1, -1> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6));
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs(std::get<k1>(args), std::get<k2>(args),
-        std::get<k3>(args), std::get<k4>(args), std::get<k5>(args),
-        std::get<k6>(args));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
-    int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, -1, -1, -1> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7));
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs(std::get<k1>(args), std::get<k2>(args),
-        std::get<k3>(args), std::get<k4>(args), std::get<k5>(args),
-        std::get<k6>(args), std::get<k7>(args));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
-    int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7, int k8>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, -1, -1> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k8));
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs(std::get<k1>(args), std::get<k2>(args),
-        std::get<k3>(args), std::get<k4>(args), std::get<k5>(args),
-        std::get<k6>(args), std::get<k7>(args), std::get<k8>(args));
-  }
-};
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, int k1, int k2, int k3,
-    int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7, int k8, int k9>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, k9, -1> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type(GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k1),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k2), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k3),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k4), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k5),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k6), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k7),
-      GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k8), GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k9));
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs(std::get<k1>(args), std::get<k2>(args),
-        std::get<k3>(args), std::get<k4>(args), std::get<k5>(args),
-        std::get<k6>(args), std::get<k7>(args), std::get<k8>(args),
-        std::get<k9>(args));
-  }
-};
-
-#undef GMOCK_FIELD_
-
-// Implements the WithArgs action.
-template <typename InnerAction, int k1 = -1, int k2 = -1, int k3 = -1,
-    int k4 = -1, int k5 = -1, int k6 = -1, int k7 = -1, int k8 = -1,
-    int k9 = -1, int k10 = -1>
-class WithArgsAction {
- public:
-  explicit WithArgsAction(const InnerAction& action) : action_(action) {}
-
-  template <typename F>
-  operator Action<F>() const { return MakeAction(new Impl<F>(action_)); }
-
- private:
-  template <typename F>
-  class Impl : public ActionInterface<F> {
-   public:
-    typedef typename Function<F>::Result Result;
-    typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
-
-    explicit Impl(const InnerAction& action) : action_(action) {}
-
-    virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-      return action_.Perform(SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple, k1, k2, k3, k4,
-          k5, k6, k7, k8, k9, k10>::Select(args));
-    }
-
-   private:
-    typedef typename SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-        k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, k9, k10>::type InnerFunctionType;
-
-    Action<InnerFunctionType> action_;
-  };
-
-  const InnerAction action_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(WithArgsAction);
-};
-
 // A macro from the ACTION* family (defined later in this file)
 // defines an action that can be used in a mock function.  Typically,
 // these actions only care about a subset of the arguments of the mock
@@ -704,82 +475,6 @@ class ActionHelper {
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
-// Various overloads for Invoke().
-
-// WithArgs<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(an_action) creates an action that passes
-// the selected arguments of the mock function to an_action and
-// performs it.  It serves as an adaptor between actions with
-// different argument lists.  C++ doesn't support default arguments for
-// function templates, so we have to overload it.
-template <int k1, typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1>(action);
-}
-
-template <int k1, int k2, typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2>(action);
-}
-
-template <int k1, int k2, int k3, typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3>(action);
-}
-
-template <int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4>(action);
-}
-
-template <int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5, typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5>(action);
-}
-
-template <int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5, int k6, typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6>(action);
-}
-
-template <int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7,
-    typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6,
-      k7>(action);
-}
-
-template <int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7, int k8,
-    typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7,
-      k8>(action);
-}
-
-template <int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7, int k8,
-    int k9, typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8, k9>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8,
-      k9>(action);
-}
-
-template <int k1, int k2, int k3, int k4, int k5, int k6, int k7, int k8,
-    int k9, int k10, typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8,
-    k9, k10>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k1, k2, k3, k4, k5, k6, k7, k8,
-      k9, k10>(action);
-}
-
 // Creates an action that does actions a1, a2, ..., sequentially in
 // each invocation.
 template <typename Action1, typename Action2>
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
index 09a39ca8..d38b1f92 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-generated-actions.h.pump
@@ -122,97 +122,6 @@ class InvokeCallbackAction {
   const std::shared_ptr<CallbackType> callback_;
 };
 
-// An INTERNAL macro for extracting the type of a tuple field.  It's
-// subject to change without notice - DO NOT USE IN USER CODE!
-#define GMOCK_FIELD_(Tuple, N) \
-    typename ::std::tuple_element<N, Tuple>::type
-
-$range i 1..n
-
-// SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple, k1, k2, ..., k_n>::type is the
-// type of an n-ary function whose i-th (1-based) argument type is the
-// k{i}-th (0-based) field of ArgumentTuple, which must be a tuple
-// type, and whose return type is Result.  For example,
-//   SelectArgs<int, ::std::tuple<bool, char, double, long>, 0, 3>::type
-// is int(bool, long).
-//
-// SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple, k1, k2, ..., k_n>::Select(args)
-// returns the selected fields (k1, k2, ..., k_n) of args as a tuple.
-// For example,
-//   SelectArgs<int, std::tuple<bool, char, double>, 2, 0>::Select(
-//       ::std::make_tuple(true, 'a', 2.5))
-// returns tuple (2.5, true).
-//
-// The numbers in list k1, k2, ..., k_n must be >= 0, where n can be
-// in the range [0, $n].  Duplicates are allowed and they don't have
-// to be in an ascending or descending order.
-
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple, $for i, [[int k$i]]>
-class SelectArgs {
- public:
-  typedef Result type($for i, [[GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k$i)]]);
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-    return SelectedArgs($for i, [[std::get<k$i>(args)]]);
-  }
-};
-
-
-$for i [[
-$range j 1..n
-$range j1 1..i-1
-template <typename Result, typename ArgumentTuple$for j1[[, int k$j1]]>
-class SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-                 $for j, [[$if j <= i-1 [[k$j]] $else [[-1]]]]> {
- public:
-  typedef Result type($for j1, [[GMOCK_FIELD_(ArgumentTuple, k$j1)]]);
-  typedef typename Function<type>::ArgumentTuple SelectedArgs;
-  static SelectedArgs Select(const ArgumentTuple& [[]]
-$if i == 1 [[/* args */]] $else [[args]]) {
-    return SelectedArgs($for j1, [[std::get<k$j1>(args)]]);
-  }
-};
-
-
-]]
-#undef GMOCK_FIELD_
-
-$var ks = [[$for i, [[k$i]]]]
-
-// Implements the WithArgs action.
-template <typename InnerAction, $for i, [[int k$i = -1]]>
-class WithArgsAction {
- public:
-  explicit WithArgsAction(const InnerAction& action) : action_(action) {}
-
-  template <typename F>
-  operator Action<F>() const { return MakeAction(new Impl<F>(action_)); }
-
- private:
-  template <typename F>
-  class Impl : public ActionInterface<F> {
-   public:
-    typedef typename Function<F>::Result Result;
-    typedef typename Function<F>::ArgumentTuple ArgumentTuple;
-
-    explicit Impl(const InnerAction& action) : action_(action) {}
-
-    virtual Result Perform(const ArgumentTuple& args) {
-      return action_.Perform(SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple, $ks>::Select(args));
-    }
-
-   private:
-    typedef typename SelectArgs<Result, ArgumentTuple,
-        $ks>::type InnerFunctionType;
-
-    Action<InnerFunctionType> action_;
-  };
-
-  const InnerAction action_;
-
-  GTEST_DISALLOW_ASSIGN_(WithArgsAction);
-};
-
 // A macro from the ACTION* family (defined later in this file)
 // defines an action that can be used in a mock function.  Typically,
 // these actions only care about a subset of the arguments of the mock
@@ -257,25 +166,6 @@ $template
 
 }  // namespace internal
 
-// Various overloads for Invoke().
-
-// WithArgs<N1, N2, ..., Nk>(an_action) creates an action that passes
-// the selected arguments of the mock function to an_action and
-// performs it.  It serves as an adaptor between actions with
-// different argument lists.  C++ doesn't support default arguments for
-// function templates, so we have to overload it.
-
-$range i 1..n
-$for i [[
-$range j 1..i
-template <$for j [[int k$j, ]]typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction$for j [[, k$j]]>
-WithArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction$for j [[, k$j]]>(action);
-}
-
-
-]]
 // Creates an action that does actions a1, a2, ..., sequentially in
 // each invocation.
 $range i 2..n
diff --git a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h
index 5c6dc8bb..10984081 100644
--- a/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h
+++ b/googlemock/include/gmock/gmock-more-actions.h
@@ -127,27 +127,6 @@ PolymorphicAction<internal::InvokeMethodAction<Class, MethodPtr> > Invoke(
       internal::InvokeMethodAction<Class, MethodPtr>(obj_ptr, method_ptr));
 }
 
-// WithoutArgs(inner_action) can be used in a mock function with a
-// non-empty argument list to perform inner_action, which takes no
-// argument.  In other words, it adapts an action accepting no
-// argument to one that accepts (and ignores) arguments.
-template <typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction>
-WithoutArgs(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction>(action);
-}
-
-// WithArg<k>(an_action) creates an action that passes the k-th
-// (0-based) argument of the mock function to an_action and performs
-// it.  It adapts an action accepting one argument to one that accepts
-// multiple arguments.  For convenience, we also provide
-// WithArgs<k>(an_action) (defined below) as a synonym.
-template <int k, typename InnerAction>
-inline internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k>
-WithArg(const InnerAction& action) {
-  return internal::WithArgsAction<InnerAction, k>(action);
-}
-
 // The ACTION*() macros trigger warning C4100 (unreferenced formal
 // parameter) in MSVC with -W4.  Unfortunately they cannot be fixed in
 // the macro definition, as the warnings are generated when the macro
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
index 5b9f3dd6..976f56d7 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-actions_test.cc
@@ -74,6 +74,7 @@ using testing::ReturnRefOfCopy;
 using testing::SetArgPointee;
 using testing::SetArgumentPointee;
 using testing::Unused;
+using testing::WithArgs;
 using testing::_;
 using testing::internal::BuiltInDefaultValue;
 using testing::internal::Int64;
@@ -926,6 +927,21 @@ class VoidNullaryFunctor {
   void operator()() { g_done = true; }
 };
 
+short Short(short n) { return n; }  // NOLINT
+char Char(char ch) { return ch; }
+
+const char* CharPtr(const char* s) { return s; }
+
+bool Unary(int x) { return x < 0; }
+
+const char* Binary(const char* input, short n) { return input + n; }  // NOLINT
+
+void VoidBinary(int, char) { g_done = true; }
+
+int Ternary(int x, char y, short z) { return x + y + z; }  // NOLINT
+
+int SumOf4(int a, int b, int c, int d) { return a + b + c + d; }
+
 class Foo {
  public:
   Foo() : value_(123) {}
@@ -1035,6 +1051,108 @@ TEST(AssignTest, CompatibleTypes) {
   EXPECT_DOUBLE_EQ(5, x);
 }
 
+
+// Tests using WithArgs and with an action that takes 1 argument.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, OneArg) {
+  Action<bool(double x, int n)> a = WithArgs<1>(Invoke(Unary));  // NOLINT
+  EXPECT_TRUE(a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, -1)));
+  EXPECT_FALSE(a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, 1)));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 2 arguments.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, TwoArgs) {
+  Action<const char*(const char* s, double x, short n)> a =  // NOLINT
+      WithArgs<0, 2>(Invoke(Binary));
+  const char s[] = "Hello";
+  EXPECT_EQ(s + 2, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr(s), 0.5, Short(2))));
+}
+
+struct ConcatAll {
+  std::string operator()() const { return {}; }
+  template <typename... I>
+  std::string operator()(const char* a, I... i) const {
+    return a + ConcatAll()(i...);
+  }
+};
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 10 arguments.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, TenArgs) {
+  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
+      WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3>(Invoke(ConcatAll{}));
+  EXPECT_EQ("0123210123",
+            a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
+                                      CharPtr("3"))));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with an action that is not Invoke().
+class SubtractAction : public ActionInterface<int(int, int)> {
+ public:
+  virtual int Perform(const std::tuple<int, int>& args) {
+    return std::get<0>(args) - std::get<1>(args);
+  }
+};
+
+TEST(WithArgsTest, NonInvokeAction) {
+  Action<int(const std::string&, int, int)> a =
+      WithArgs<2, 1>(MakeAction(new SubtractAction));
+  std::tuple<std::string, int, int> dummy =
+      std::make_tuple(std::string("hi"), 2, 10);
+  EXPECT_EQ(8, a.Perform(dummy));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs to pass all original arguments in the original order.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, Identity) {
+  Action<int(int x, char y, short z)> a =  // NOLINT
+      WithArgs<0, 1, 2>(Invoke(Ternary));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(100, Char(20), Short(3))));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with repeated arguments.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, RepeatedArguments) {
+  Action<int(bool, int m, int n)> a =  // NOLINT
+      WithArgs<1, 1, 1, 1>(Invoke(SumOf4));
+  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1, 10)));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with reversed argument order.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, ReversedArgumentOrder) {
+  Action<const char*(short n, const char* input)> a =  // NOLINT
+      WithArgs<1, 0>(Invoke(Binary));
+  const char s[] = "Hello";
+  EXPECT_EQ(s + 2, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(Short(2), CharPtr(s))));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with compatible, but not identical, argument types.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, ArgsOfCompatibleTypes) {
+  Action<long(short x, char y, double z, char c)> a =  // NOLINT
+      WithArgs<0, 1, 3>(Invoke(Ternary));
+  EXPECT_EQ(123,
+            a.Perform(std::make_tuple(Short(100), Char(20), 5.6, Char(3))));
+}
+
+// Tests using WithArgs with an action that returns void.
+TEST(WithArgsTest, VoidAction) {
+  Action<void(double x, char c, int n)> a = WithArgs<2, 1>(Invoke(VoidBinary));
+  g_done = false;
+  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, 'a', 3));
+  EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
+}
+
+TEST(WithArgsTest, ReturnReference) {
+  Action<int&(int&, void*)> a = WithArgs<0>([](int& a) -> int& { return a; });
+  int i = 0;
+  const int& res = a.Perform(std::forward_as_tuple(i, nullptr));
+  EXPECT_EQ(&i, &res);
+}
+
+TEST(WithArgsTest, InnerActionWithConversion) {
+  struct Base {};
+  struct Derived : Base {};
+  Action<Derived*()> inner = [] { return nullptr; };
+  Action<Base*(double)> a = testing::WithoutArgs(inner);
+  EXPECT_EQ(nullptr, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.1)));
+}
+
 #if !GTEST_OS_WINDOWS_MOBILE
 
 class SetErrnoAndReturnTest : public testing::Test {
diff --git a/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc b/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc
index 3111d859..0fe43ab3 100644
--- a/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc
+++ b/googlemock/test/gmock-generated-actions_test.cc
@@ -57,7 +57,6 @@ using testing::ReturnNew;
 using testing::SetArgPointee;
 using testing::StaticAssertTypeEq;
 using testing::Unused;
-using testing::WithArgs;
 
 // For suppressing compiler warnings on conversion possibly losing precision.
 inline short Short(short n) { return n; }  // NOLINT
@@ -66,43 +65,19 @@ inline char Char(char ch) { return ch; }
 // Sample functions and functors for testing various actions.
 int Nullary() { return 1; }
 
-class NullaryFunctor {
- public:
-  int operator()() { return 2; }
-};
-
 bool g_done = false;
 
-bool Unary(int x) { return x < 0; }
-
-const char* Plus1(const char* s) { return s + 1; }
-
 bool ByConstRef(const std::string& s) { return s == "Hi"; }
 
 const double g_double = 0;
 bool ReferencesGlobalDouble(const double& x) { return &x == &g_double; }
 
-std::string ByNonConstRef(std::string& s) { return s += "+"; }  // NOLINT
-
 struct UnaryFunctor {
   int operator()(bool x) { return x ? 1 : -1; }
 };
 
 const char* Binary(const char* input, short n) { return input + n; }  // NOLINT
 
-void VoidBinary(int, char) { g_done = true; }
-
-int Ternary(int x, char y, short z) { return x + y + z; }  // NOLINT
-
-void VoidTernary(int, char, bool) { g_done = true; }
-
-int SumOf4(int a, int b, int c, int d) { return a + b + c + d; }
-
-std::string Concat4(const char* s1, const char* s2, const char* s3,
-                    const char* s4) {
-  return std::string(s1) + s2 + s3 + s4;
-}
-
 int SumOf5(int a, int b, int c, int d, int e) { return a + b + c + d + e; }
 
 struct SumOf5Functor {
@@ -276,143 +251,6 @@ TEST(InvokeArgumentTest, ByExplicitConstReferenceFunction) {
   EXPECT_FALSE(a.Perform(std::make_tuple(&ReferencesGlobalDouble)));
 }
 
-// Tests using WithArgs and with an action that takes 1 argument.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, OneArg) {
-  Action<bool(double x, int n)> a = WithArgs<1>(Invoke(Unary));  // NOLINT
-  EXPECT_TRUE(a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, -1)));
-  EXPECT_FALSE(a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, 1)));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 2 arguments.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, TwoArgs) {
-  Action<const char*(const char* s, double x, short n)> a =
-      WithArgs<0, 2>(Invoke(Binary));
-  const char s[] = "Hello";
-  EXPECT_EQ(s + 2, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr(s), 0.5, Short(2))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 3 arguments.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, ThreeArgs) {
-  Action<int(int, double, char, short)> a =  // NOLINT
-      WithArgs<0, 2, 3>(Invoke(Ternary));
-  EXPECT_EQ(123, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(100, 6.5, Char(20), Short(3))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 4 arguments.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, FourArgs) {
-  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, double, const char*,
-                     const char*)>
-      a = WithArgs<4, 3, 1, 0>(Invoke(Concat4));
-  EXPECT_EQ("4310", a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), 2.5,
-                                              CharPtr("3"), CharPtr("4"))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 5 arguments.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, FiveArgs) {
-  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*,
-                     const char*)>
-      a = WithArgs<4, 3, 2, 1, 0>(Invoke(Concat5));
-  EXPECT_EQ("43210",
-            a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
-                                      CharPtr("3"), CharPtr("4"))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 6 arguments.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, SixArgs) {
-  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
-      WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 2, 1, 0>(Invoke(Concat6));
-  EXPECT_EQ("012210", a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"),
-                                                CharPtr("2"))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 7 arguments.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, SevenArgs) {
-  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
-      WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0>(Invoke(Concat7));
-  EXPECT_EQ("0123210", a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"),
-                                                 CharPtr("2"), CharPtr("3"))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 8 arguments.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, EightArgs) {
-  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
-      WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 0, 1, 2, 3>(Invoke(Concat8));
-  EXPECT_EQ("01230123", a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"),
-                                                  CharPtr("2"), CharPtr("3"))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 9 arguments.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, NineArgs) {
-  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
-      WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 2, 3>(Invoke(Concat9));
-  EXPECT_EQ("012312323",
-            a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
-                                      CharPtr("3"))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that takes 10 arguments.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, TenArgs) {
-  Action<std::string(const char*, const char*, const char*, const char*)> a =
-      WithArgs<0, 1, 2, 3, 2, 1, 0, 1, 2, 3>(Invoke(Concat10));
-  EXPECT_EQ("0123210123",
-            a.Perform(std::make_tuple(CharPtr("0"), CharPtr("1"), CharPtr("2"),
-                                      CharPtr("3"))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that is not Invoke().
-class SubstractAction : public ActionInterface<int(int, int)> {  // NOLINT
- public:
-  virtual int Perform(const std::tuple<int, int>& args) {
-    return std::get<0>(args) - std::get<1>(args);
-  }
-};
-
-TEST(WithArgsTest, NonInvokeAction) {
-  Action<int(const std::string&, int, int)> a =  // NOLINT
-      WithArgs<2, 1>(MakeAction(new SubstractAction));
-  std::tuple<std::string, int, int> dummy =
-      std::make_tuple(std::string("hi"), 2, 10);
-  EXPECT_EQ(8, a.Perform(dummy));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs to pass all original arguments in the original order.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, Identity) {
-  Action<int(int x, char y, short z)> a =  // NOLINT
-      WithArgs<0, 1, 2>(Invoke(Ternary));
-  EXPECT_EQ(123, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(100, Char(20), Short(3))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with repeated arguments.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, RepeatedArguments) {
-  Action<int(bool, int m, int n)> a =  // NOLINT
-      WithArgs<1, 1, 1, 1>(Invoke(SumOf4));
-  EXPECT_EQ(4, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(false, 1, 10)));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with reversed argument order.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, ReversedArgumentOrder) {
-  Action<const char*(short n, const char* input)> a =  // NOLINT
-      WithArgs<1, 0>(Invoke(Binary));
-  const char s[] = "Hello";
-  EXPECT_EQ(s + 2, a.Perform(std::make_tuple(Short(2), CharPtr(s))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with compatible, but not identical, argument types.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, ArgsOfCompatibleTypes) {
-  Action<long(short x, char y, double z, char c)> a =  // NOLINT
-      WithArgs<0, 1, 3>(Invoke(Ternary));
-  EXPECT_EQ(123,
-            a.Perform(std::make_tuple(Short(100), Char(20), 5.6, Char(3))));
-}
-
-// Tests using WithArgs with an action that returns void.
-TEST(WithArgsTest, VoidAction) {
-  Action<void(double x, char c, int n)> a = WithArgs<2, 1>(Invoke(VoidBinary));
-  g_done = false;
-  a.Perform(std::make_tuple(1.5, 'a', 3));
-  EXPECT_TRUE(g_done);
-}
-
 // Tests DoAll(a1, a2).
 TEST(DoAllTest, TwoActions) {
   int n = 0;